The treatment of this infection requires the combination of several drugs, such as proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics from different families (amoxicillin, clarithromycin or metronidazole), which must be taken for 14 days and continuously. This combination is called standard triple therapy and is recommended by international guidelines and the Colombian clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection in adults, as the first line of treatment. Pharmacological treatment is often selected empirically; however, bearing in mind that from the moment the bacteria colonize the stomach until they trigger changes in the gastric tissue and cancer, many years elapse, and that the microorganism is known to have developed resistance to several of the antibiotics commonly used for its treatment, it is considered a good practice to perform culture or molecular tests to identify the bacteria and know its susceptibility profile before defining the treatment. This, with the aim of choosing the antibiotics to which it is sensitive and achieving greater therapeutic success.   Treatment failures are due to the growing resistance of H. pylori to antibiotics, but also to the lack of adherence to treatment by patients or to abandonment of treatment due to the discomfort or side effects it may cause. For this reason, it should be explained to the patient how important it is to complete treatment in order to eradicate the infection, prevent its complications, avoid further resistance to antibiotics and guarantee the success of subsequent treatments. Resistance rates of H. pylori to antimicrobials have been studied in a few regions of the country, finding variability. For amoxicillin, resistance is between 1.9% and 19.5%, for metronidazole between 72.0% and 97.6%, for macrolides (such as clarithromycin) between 13.6% and 63.1% (in Antioquia it is 18.8%), and for levofloxacin it reaches 27.3%. Resistance has also been found simultaneously to more than one family of antibiotics, even up to three (multi-resistance), which reinforces the recommendation that treatment should be prescribed based on the local epidemiology (if known) or based on the susceptibility profile of H. pylori to antimicrobials obtained in the antibiogram. At the end of drug therapy, clinical follow-up should be performed and eradication of the microorganism should be confirmed with non-invasive tests such as the 13C-urea breath test or fecal antigen detection. Given that a large part of humanity is a carrier of this infection and that its association with gastric cancer and other complications is clear, preventive, prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against H. pylori, such as vaccines, which achieve broad and long-term coverage, are of great interest. Studies are underway that still face the challenges of defining which portions of the microorganism to use, which route of administration is the best, how much protection they achieve and for how long they last.